Optimal PID Controllers for AVR System Considering Excitation Voltage Limitations Using Hybrid Equilibrium Optimizer

Automatic voltage regulator (AVR) represents the basic loop in power systems. The central part of this is regulator, which has parameters that define speed regulation, quality responses, and system stability. Furthermore, it an impact on excitation change value, especially during transients. In paper, unlike literature approaches, experimental verifications current value are presented. A novel hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for obtaining determination AVR system, a design taking into account limitation proposed combines properties characteristics equilibrium optimizer evaporation rate water cycle algorithms. effective, fast, accurate. Both simulation results show increases settling time generator reference change. Additionally, optimal values PID smaller limited values.